主要功(gong)能
采用獨創的(de)板載(zai)芯(xin)片 LED 陣(zhen)列技(ji)術，用 6 種(zhong)不同波段的(de)激(ji)發(fa)光(guang)作(zuo)為測量(liang)光(guang)、光(guang)化光(guang)、飽和(he)脈沖、單(dan)周(zhou)轉飽和(he)閃光(guang)與(yu)多周(zhou)轉飽和(he)閃光(guang)
具備比 PAM-2500 高 200 倍的靈敏度
優(you)化設計用于很(hen)稀的懸浮(fu)液(ye)（藻液(ye)、葉綠體懸浮(fu)液(ye)）測量(liang)
專用(yong)葉(xie)夾(jia)可用(yong)于(yu)高等植物/大(da)型海藻等葉(xie)片狀樣品的測量
標(biao)準的 PAM 測量功能、復(fu)雜的多(duo)相熒光上升動(dong)力學擬合(he)分析、馳豫動(dong)力學分析
特別適合狀(zhuang)態轉換研究(jiu)、“非活性(xing)PSII”（“Inactive PS II”）研究(jiu)
超快時間分辨率達到 10 ms，由此利用獨特的 O-I1 相（O-J相）擬合分析用于分析PSII反映中心異質性分析，得出 PS II 光合單位的連接性參數（p和J），速率常數（Tau）和兩種不同類型 PS II（Type 1 和Type 2）的光學截面積（Sigma(II)λ）等參數
新增 PSII 有效光強 PAR(II)、經過 PSII 的絕對電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ 等全(quan)新的光合參數。
專(zhuan)業的操作軟件，用(yong)于復雜的擬合(he)分(fen)析
測量(liang)參數
Fo, Fm, F, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II), qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), ETR, ETR(II)λ, p, J, Tau, Sigma(II)λ, PAR、PAR(II) 等
應用領域
主要(yao)用(yong)于各種藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)的深入光合作(zuo)用(yong)機理研究(jiu)，用(yong)適(shi)合的波(bo)長、全(quan)新(xin)的測量、全(quan)新(xin)的參數進行藍藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、甲藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、紅(hong)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、隱藻(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)的深入研究(jiu)。如選配高等(deng)植物附件，也可實現對高等(deng)植物葉片的測量。
主要技術參數
測量(liang)光(guang)：提供 400、440、480、540、590 和 625 nm 的脈沖調制測量(liang)光(guang)，20 個強度選擇，14 個頻(pin)率(lv)選擇。
光化光：提供 440、480、540、590、625 nm 和 420-640 nm（白光）連續光化光照，最大光強 4000 μmol m-2 s-1；單周轉飽和閃光的最大強度 200 000 μmol m-2 s-1，持續時間 5-50 μs可調；多周轉飽和閃光強度 10 000 μmol m-2 s-1，1-800 ms可(ke)調。
遠紅(hong)光：725 nm。
信號檢測：PIN-光電二(er)極管，帶特制(zhi)鎖相放大器(qi)（專利設計），最大時(shi)間分辨率 10 μs。
Multi-Color-PAM的功能介紹
光系(xi)統(tong) II 的相對電(dian)子傳遞(di)速率 rETR 是很(hen)常用的一個(ge)參數。rETR = PAR × Y(II) × ETR-factor，其中(zhong)(zhong) ETR-factor 是指光系(xi)統(tong)II吸收(shou)的光能占總入射 PAR 的比(bi)例。在(zai)絕大(da)多數已發表(biao)的文(wen)獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，均(jun)沒有試圖去測定 ETR-factor，只是簡單地假定跟 “模式(shi)葉片” 相同(tong)，即有 50% 的 PAR 分配到光系(xi)統(tong) II，84% 的 PAR 被(bei)光合色素吸收(shou)。因此在(zai)已有的文(wen)獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)，rETR一般是用公式(shi) rETR = PAR × Y(II) × 0.84 × 0.5 來計(ji)算的。
近期，利用多激發波長調制葉綠素熒光儀 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 可以實現光系統II的絕對電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ 的測量。首先需要利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 測定某個波長下的光系統II功能性光學截面積 Sigma(II)λ（單位nm2）（其中λ為波長），然后求出光系統II的量子吸收速率 PAR(II) = Sigma(II)λ × L × PAR = 0.6022 × Sigma(II)λ× PAR。其中 L 為阿伏伽德羅常數，系數 0.6022 是將 1 μmol quanta m-2 （即 6.022 × 1017 quanta m-2）轉換為 0.6022 quanta nm-2，PAR(II) 的單位為 quanta/(PSII × s)。接下來就可以計算 ETR(II)λ = PAR(II) × Y(II)/Y(II)max，其中 Y(II)max 是(shi)經(jing)過暗適應(ying)達到穩態后的(de)光系統II的(de)量子產量，也就是(shi) Fv/Fm×ETR(II) 的(de)單位為(wei) electrons/(PSII × s)。
傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)調制(zhi)葉(xie)綠(lv)素(su)熒光(guang)(guang)儀一(yi)般只能提(ti)供一(yi)種(zhong)或兩種(zhong)顏色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)源，如(ru)(ru)發出(chu)白光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鹵(lu)素(su)燈、發出(chu)藍(lan)(lan)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藍(lan)(lan)色(se) LED 或發出(chu)紅光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色(se) LED 等。用不(bu)同(tong)顏色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)測量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果可(ke)(ke)能會有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)，如(ru)(ru)圖 1A 所示(shi)，用藍(lan)(lan)光(guang)(guang)（440 nm）和紅光(guang)(guang)（625 nm）測量(liang)綠(lv)藻(zao)(zao)小球藻(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速光(guang)(guang)曲(qu)線有(you)(you)非(fei)常(chang)顯著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差別，藍(lan)(lan)光(guang)(guang)照射(she)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de) rETRmax 顯著(zhu)(zhu)小于紅光(guang)(guang)照射(she)下(xia)(xia)，且在(zai)(zai)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)曲(qu)線 rETR 有(you)(you)輕(qing)微下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)趨勢，這說明藍(lan)(lan)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更(geng)容易引發光(guang)(guang)抑(yi)制(zhi) (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。由此可(ke)(ke)以推測，過去文獻報道的(de)(de)(de)(de)很過實驗(yan)結(jie)果，可(ke)(ke)能會存在(zai)(zai)由于采(cai)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)激發光(guang)(guang)源不(bu)同(tong)而引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)理解。
如上文所述，利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM，已經可以測量絕對電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ。如果用 ETR(II)λ 來繪制快速光曲線會出現什么結果呢？圖 1B 是將圖 1A 的結果轉換成絕對電子傳遞速率后得到的結果，可以看出無論是照射藍光還是照射紅光，其絕對電子傳遞速率是一致的。由此證明圖 1A 中結果的差異是由于不同波長下藻細胞的光系統 II 功能性光學截面積 Sigma(II)λ 的大小不同引起的 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。這種利用絕對電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ 繪(hui)制(zhi)的快速(su)光曲線(xian)在未來的科研中可(ke)能會發揮越來越重要的作用(yong)。
 |  |
| 圖1 利用相對電子傳遞速率（A）和絕對電子傳遞速率（B）分別繪制的快速光曲線（引自Schreiber et al., 2012） | |
| 利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 分別以藍光（440 nm）和紅光（625 nm）作為光化光源，測量小球藻（Chlorella sp.）的快速光曲線。 | |
| 圖A中，rETR 的計算采用 0.42 作為 ETR factor。 | |
| 圖B中，藍光和紅光激發下獲得的光系統II功能性光學截面積 Sigma(II)λ 分別為 4.547 和 1.669 nm2，計算絕對電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)440 和 ETR(II)625 的 Fv/Fm 分別為 0.68 和 0.66。 | |
選(xuan)購指南
一、懸浮樣品測量基本款
系統組成：通(tong)用型主機，標準(zhun)版檢測單元(yuan)，懸浮液的光學(xue)單元(yuan)，數據線，工作臺，軟件(jian)等
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| 懸浮樣品測量基本款 |
二 、高等植物葉片測量基本款
系統(tong)組成：通(tong)用型主機，標(biao)準版檢測單元，特制(zhi)葉片夾，數據線，工作臺，軟(ruan)件等
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| 高等植物葉片測量特制葉夾 |
三、其他可選附件
1，ED-101US/T： 控溫(wen)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，安裝(zhuang)在 ED-101US/MD 上，為懸浮液控溫(wen)；可外接循環(huan)水浴來控溫(wen),
2，US-SQS/WB： 球狀微型光量(liang)子探頭，可插入樣品杯中測量(liang) PAR；由主機(ji) DUAL-C 控制。
3，PHYTO-MS：磁(ci)力攪拌器，連(lian)接到光學單元 ED-101US/MD 的底部對懸浮(fu)液進行(xing)攪拌。
產地：德國WALZ
參考文獻
數(shu)據來源：光合(he)作用文獻(xian) Endnote 數(shu)據庫，更新(xin)至 2021年 1 月，文獻(xian)數(shu)量超過(guo) 10000 篇
原始數據來(lai)源(yuan)：Google Scholar
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