在藍藻Synechocystis 6803中引入NADPH消(xiao)耗驅動光合固(gu)碳示意(yi)圖
8月4日(ri),《代謝工(gong)程(cheng)》(Metabolic Engineering)雜志在(zai)線(xian)發表(biao)文章,報道了中(zhong)國科學院微生(sheng)物(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)所李寅研(yan)究(jiu)組利用(yong)雙通道葉(xie)綠素(su)熒光儀Dual-PAM-100,在(zai)提高光合作用(yong)效率研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)取(qu)得的新(xin)進展。
光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)地球上重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying),為(wei)(wei)(wei)地球生(sheng)物提(ti)供賴(lai)以生(sheng)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質基礎。因(yin)此,提(ti)高(gao)光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)一直是(shi)科學界關注的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)點問題(ti),對解(jie)決目前全世界面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)問題(ti)、能(neng)源問題(ti)都具有十分重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)同(tong)時又是(shi)地球上復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)之(zhi)一,根據是(shi)否需要(yao)光(guang)(guang),光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)被(bei)人為(wei)(wei)(wei)地分為(wei)(wei)(wei)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和(he)暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)。以往(wang)改(gai)造光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究,主要(yao)考慮如何(he)提(ti)高(gao)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)對光(guang)(guang)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)與轉化(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv),或提(ti)高(gao)暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)關鍵酶Rubisco固碳效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)。但光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和(he)暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)是(shi)一個(ge)有機整體(ti)(ti),兩者是(shi)緊密偶(ou)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)。光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)產生(sheng)能(neng)量ATP和(he)還原(yuan)力NADPH,而暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)需要(yao)消(xiao)耗(hao)ATP和(he)NADPH,實現對二氧化(hua)碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)還原(yuan)固定。兩者能(neng)否協同(tong)工作(zuo)(zuo),是(shi)提(ti)高(gao)光(guang)(guang)合(he)利用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)因(yin)素。
中國科學院微生(sheng)物研究所李寅研究組(zu)針對光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)產生(sheng)的ATP不能(neng)滿足暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)固(gu)碳能(neng)量需求這一基本問題(ti),根據光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)中ATP是與NADPH偶聯產生(sheng)的基本原理,從(cong)細(xi)胞全(quan)局出發,把光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)的光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和(he)暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)作(zuo)為(wei)有機整體(ti),以連接光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)和(he)暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)的NADPH為(wei)切入(ru)點(dian),提出了一個導入(ru)NADPH消(xiao)耗(hao)模塊,從(cong)而打(da)破細(xi)胞固(gu)有的NADPH平(ping)衡(heng),通過光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)與暗反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)的有效耦聯,來增強光(guang)(guang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)的內在驅動力,進(jin)而提高光(guang)(guang)合作(zuo)用(yong)效率(lv)的新策略。
研(yan)究人員(yuan)以光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)放氧藍細(xi)菌(jun)為研(yan)究模(mo)型,通(tong)過引入NADPH依賴的(de)(de)(de)脫氫酶(mei),創建了只消(xiao)耗NADPH而不額外(wai)消(xiao)耗ATP的(de)(de)(de)異丙醇(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物合(he)(he)成途徑(如(ru)上圖)。一(yi)系列光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)分(fen)析表(biao)明,引入NADPH消(xiao)耗途徑后(hou),細(xi)胞生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)明顯(xian)加快,光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)約50%,同(tong)(tong)時具有更(geng)(geng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞活性。同(tong)(tong)時發現,改(gai)造(zao)后(hou)藍細(xi)菌(jun)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)飽和(he)點提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)一(yi)倍,表(biao)明其可(ke)(ke)以耐受更(geng)(geng)高(gao)(gao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)強,這(zhe)對適應(ying)自然(ran)界(jie)中光(guang)(guang)(guang)強的(de)(de)(de)劇烈變(bian)化(hua)具有重要意(yi)義。這(zhe)一(yi)結果表(biao)明,還原力驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞全局代謝工程策略,比傳統(tong)單一(yi)改(gai)造(zao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)反(fan)應(ying)或(huo)暗(an)(an)反(fan)應(ying),可(ke)(ke)以更(geng)(geng)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率。把光(guang)(guang)(guang)反(fan)應(ying)和(he)暗(an)(an)反(fan)應(ying)作為一(yi)個整體(ti)來提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)思路,也可(ke)(ke)為改(gai)造(zao)植物光(guang)(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)研(yan)究提(ti)(ti)供(gong)借鑒。
同時(shi),李寅研究組(zu)的(de)結果(guo)也表明,藍藻的(de)光(guang)合作用效率可(ke)能還有(you)更大的(de)提高空(kong)間。目前還不完(wan)全清楚改(gai)造后藍藻耐受更高光(guang)照強度的(de)分子機制。如果(guo)弄清這種機制,或(huo)許會發現與光(guang)合作用相(xiang)關的(de)新靶點(dian),有(you)可(ke)能導致新的(de)改(gai)造思路(lu)或(huo)策略的(de)誕生。
該工(gong)作(zuo)已于8月(yue)4日在(zai)線(xian)發表在(zai)《代謝工(gong)程(cheng)》(Metabolic Engineering)雜志(zhi)上(shang)。研究(jiu)得到(dao)國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)科學(xue)基金和中科院重點部署項目“二(er)氧(yang)化碳的人工(gong)生物轉化”資助。副(fu)研究(jiu)員周(zhou)杰和博士(shi)生張福良為論文(wen)的共同第一作(zuo)者。
研究中對PSII分析所用到的(de)葉綠(lv)素熒光相(xiang)關參數及對PSI分析所用到的(de)P700相(xiang)關參數,均(jun)(jun)通(tong)過雙(shuang)通(tong)道葉綠(lv)素熒光儀Dual-PAM-100(WALZ, Germany)測定。如上(shang)圖,通(tong)過Dual-PAM-100所測得的(de)數據可(ke)以看(kan)到,引(yin)入NADPH消耗驅(qu)動的(de)藍藻(SM7)在(zai)PSI及PSII的(de)活性上(shang)均(jun)(jun)有(you)大幅提高。
Dual-PAM-100
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