溫室型(xing)高通(tong)量(liang)植物表型(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)系(xi)統(tong)——PhenoAIxpert HT 是一(yi)套可(ke)(ke)以全自動(dong)、高通(tong)量(liang)對大量(liang)植株(zhu)（從幼(you)苗到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)植株(zhu)均可(ke)(ke)）進行成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的系(xi)統(tong)，可(ke)(ke)以選擇配置可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)（VIS）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、近紅外（NIR）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、紅外（IR）成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、PSII 熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、自發熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、根系(xi)可(ke)(ke)見(jian)(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、激光(guang)(guang)(guang)3D 掃(sao)描和高光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)模塊，對植株(zhu)進行表型(xing)分析。 |  |  |
植物表(biao)型成(cheng)像模(mo)塊
l 可見光（VIS）成像模塊配有獨立的成(cheng)像暗(an)室，成(cheng)像暗(an)室內分別設有頂(ding)部可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)成(cheng)像單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)和(he)側面(mian)可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)成(cheng)像單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)。花(hua)盆底座有旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)裝置，可(ke)以(yi) 360 度旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)角度可(ke)通(tong)過軟件設置，獲取多個面(mian)的可(ke)見(jian)光(guang)表型(xing)參數。
l 葉綠素熒光成像模塊配(pei)有獨(du)立的(de)成(cheng)像(xiang)暗(an)(an)室(shi)(shi)，成(cheng)像(xiang)暗(an)(an)室(shi)(shi)內分別(bie)設(she)(she)有頂部或側(ce)面(mian)葉綠(lv)素熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)單元(yuan)。葉綠(lv)素熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)模(mo)塊配(pei)備(bei)暗(an)(an)適應(ying) / 光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)適應(ying)通道(dao)，用于測量葉綠(lv)素熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)時(shi)對植物的(de)暗(an)(an)適應(ying)和光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)誘導處理。葉綠(lv)素熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)模(mo)塊配(pei)備(bei)多種濾(lv)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)鏡，實現多光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)譜熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)測量功能(neng)。花(hua)盆底座有旋轉(zhuan)裝置，可以 360 度旋轉(zhuan)，旋轉(zhuan)角度可通過軟(ruan)件設(she)(she)置，獲取多個面(mian)的(de)葉綠(lv)素熒光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)表型參數。
l 紅外（IR）成像模塊為單獨(du)頂(ding)部或單獨(du)側面成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)單元(yuan)，如有必要，可配(pei)(pei)置頂(ding)部加側面雙成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)單元(yuan)，一(yi)般設在(zai)靠近栽(zai)培區(qu)的位置，且不(bu)配(pei)(pei)備成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)暗(an)室(shi)。當植物從(cong)栽(zai)培區(qu)域傳送到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)區(qu)域時(shi)(shi)，第一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間可以(yi)獲(huo)取葉片(pian)(pian)溫度(du)等參數(shu)，極大地(di)降(jiang)低了(le)由(you)于(yu)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)區(qu)域傳送時(shi)(shi)所造成(cheng)(cheng)的葉片(pian)(pian)溫度(du)的變化所引起(qi)的誤差。如系(xi)統未配(pei)(pei)備栽(zai)培區(qu)傳送系(xi)統，紅外(wai)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)模塊將(jiang)被安裝(zhuang)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)暗(an)室(shi)中。
l 近紅外(wai)（NIR）成像模塊配(pei)備獨立暗(an)室，具有(you)頂(ding)部和側面兩個成(cheng)像單元(yuan)，成(cheng)像單元(yuan)配(pei)備自(zi)帶(dai)降(jiang)溫(wen)系統(tong)，確保設備處(chu)于合適的操作環(huan)境中。通過近(jin)紅外成(cheng)像模塊(kuai)可(ke)獲(huo)取(qu)植物水分(fen)分(fen)布數(shu)據，與紅外成(cheng)像模塊(kuai)數(shu)據對(dui)應可(ke)反映植物干(gan)旱(han)情況，特(te)別適合于植物干(gan)旱(han)脅迫研(yan)究。
l 激光 3D 成(cheng)像(xiang)模塊是通(tong)過對(dui)植物進(jin)行 3D 掃(sao)描(miao)，獲取植物點云信息，重建植物 3D 構型。LemnaTec 可(ke)將激光 3D 成(cheng)像單元安(an)裝在自動(dong)機械臂上，從而能(neng)夠(gou)圍繞(rao)植物進(jin)行 3D 掃(sao)描(miao)，獲取更精確的(de)點云信息，使重建的(de) 3D 構型更加精確。
l 高光譜成像模塊(kuai)提供(gong) 400-1700nm 的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)，可以獲取(qu)植(zhi)物內在物質的(de)信息。高光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)模塊(kuai)被安裝(zhuang)在自動(dong)機械臂上，可圍繞植(zhi)物進行精確(que)的(de)高光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)，同時配(pei)備穩定的(de)鹵素光(guang)(guang)(guang)源，使(shi)高光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜(pu)成(cheng)(cheng)像(xiang)數(shu)據更加精確(que)。
l 自發熒光成像模塊可測(ce)量植物的自發熒光，用于植物衰老(lao)等研究。
l 根系可見光成像系統(tong)可(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)(guo)特殊角度的(de)根盒(he)，土壤(rang)原位培養植物，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)可(ke)(ke)見光(guang)成像(xiang)系統拍攝根系圖像(xiang)并(bing)進行(xing)分析。這也是德國 LemnaTec 專門為IPK 設(she)計的(de)根系測量(liang)系統。
自動傳送系統
自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可將盆栽(zai)從(cong)栽(zai)培(pei)區(qu)(qu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)至各個成(cheng)像(xiang)模塊(kuai)，成(cheng)像(xiang)完成(cheng)后(hou)運送(song)(song)(song)回栽(zai)培(pei)區(qu)(qu)。基(ji)于測量樣品（包括(kuo)花盆、培(pei)養基(ji)質(zhi)和植物）的(de)重量不(bu)同，可配置帶式傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和鏈式傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)通(tong)量根據需(xu)求和溫(wen)室大小而定(ding)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)承重 8-30kg 可選。當樣品由傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在栽(zai)培(pei)區(qu)(qu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和成(cheng)像(xiang)區(qu)(qu)進行傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)時，兩(liang)個區(qu)(qu)域(yu)之(zhi)間的(de)氣動(dong)(dong)(dong)推拉門會(hui)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)打開，等樣品通(tong)過(guo)后(hou)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關閉，確保兩(liang)個區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)溫(wen)度變(bian)化很小，互不(bu)干擾。自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為模塊(kuai)化設計，如有需(xu)求，后(hou)期可增(zeng)加(jia)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)(song)通(tong)量。
所有(you)傳送(song)(song)車上都有(you)電(dian)子標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)，當傳送(song)(song)車通過加載區域（Loading area）時，系統會自動讀取電(dian)子標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)，所有(you)成像數據(ju)根據(ju)電(dian)子標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)歸檔并存入(ru)本地數據(ju)庫。
自動澆水和稱重裝置
在(zai)溫(wen)室型(xing)高(gao)通量植物表型(xing)系統中，一般配(pei)備自動澆(jiao)水和(he)稱(cheng)重裝置。通過(guo)軟件設(she)置，可定時定量地對樣品進行澆(jiao)水和(he)稱(cheng)重，且澆(jiao)水量可精(jing)確控制(zhi)(zhi)。對于一些脅(xie)迫實驗，例(li)如(ru)干旱脅(xie)迫實驗，精(jing)確地控制(zhi)(zhi)澆(jiao)水量和(he)精(jing)確地稱(cheng)重尤為重要(yao)。
服務器存儲
由于植物表(biao)型(xing)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)量非常大，本(ben)系統(tong)配備服務器存(cun)儲數(shu)據(ju)(ju)。所有測量的表(biao)型(xing)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)均(jun)儲存(cun)在(zai)本(ben)地服務器上，數(shu)據(ju)(ju)安全(quan)(quan)，儲存(cun)環境穩定(ding)(ding)。用戶分析(xi)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)時，系統(tong)自(zi)動從服務器調用源數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，分析(xi)結果同(tong)樣儲存(cun)在(zai)本(ben)地服務器，安全(quan)(quan)穩定(ding)(ding)。
軟件分析
LemnaTec 提供一套(tao)完備的軟(ruan)件(jian)組用于控(kong)制(zhi)硬件(jian)系(xi)統(tong)、獲取圖像數據(ju)、儲存數據(ju)和分析(xi)數據(ju)，不同(tong)的功能由軟(ruan)件(jian)組中不同(tong)的軟(ruan)件(jian)來
實(shi)現。LemnaControl 用于(yu)控制(zhi)整個硬件系統，例如樣品(pin)傳送(song)、成(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)單元設置、成(cheng)像(xiang)(xiang)暗房光源設置、獲取圖(tu)片、自(zi)動澆(jiao)水稱重等(deng)；
LemnaBase 提供(gong)數據庫基礎設施，用于(yu)存儲和訪(fang)問圖像(xiang)；LemnaGrid 是綜(zong)合性(xing)的(de)圖像(xiang)分析工具箱；它(ta)可(ke)以建(jian)立不同算法的(de)連接，
形成(cheng)圖(tu)像處理直觀圖(tu)形化(hua)；LemnaMiner 進(jin)行基本(ben)數據(ju)分析，并(bing)具(ju)有所有標準格(ge)式的(de)全面導出功能。
遠程管理
通過專(zhuan)用遠程服務器管理軟件，可以在(zai)異地對(dui)本(ben)系(xi)統的運轉狀況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)監測、改變測量(liang)程序(xu)或分析測量(liang)數據。
主要功能
l 可全自動、高(gao)通量對植物樣品進行可見光(guang)(guang)(guang)（VIS）成(cheng)像(xiang)、近紅外（NIR）成(cheng)像(xiang)、紅外（IR）成(cheng)像(xiang)、PSII 熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)、自發熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)、根(gen)系可見光(guang)(guang)(guang)成(cheng)像(xiang)、激光(guang)(guang)(guang) 3D 掃描和高(gao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)譜成(cheng)像(xiang)等
l 可(ke)見光成像(xiang)可(ke)以測量(liang)植物的結構、寬度(du)(du)、密度(du)(du)、對稱(cheng)性、葉長、葉寬、葉面積、葉角度(du)(du)、葉顏色、葉病(bing)斑分析等多個參數
l 葉綠(lv)素(su)(su)熒(ying)光成像可(ke)以分析植物的生理狀態，例如 Fo、Fm、Fi、Fm’、Fi’、Fs’、Fo、Fm、Fv/ Fm、?Ro=(Fm-Fi)/Fm、 ?PSII=?、Pt=Fq’ /Fm’ =(Fm’ -Fs’ )/Fm’、 ETR 、 NPQ 等參數，此外葉綠(lv)素(su)(su)熒(ying)光成像單(dan)元(yuan)標配搭載濾(lv)光輪，可(ke)實現多光譜熒(ying)光成像，獲取RAnth、RChl.、 RNIR、 RRed、 RGreen、 RBlue 等數據
l 紅外(wai)成像可以測量植物(wu)葉片(pian)表(biao)面溫(wen)度，進行植物(wu)干(gan)旱脅迫研究、蒸騰研究等(deng)
l 近(jin)紅外成像可測量植物(wu)水分(fen)分(fen)布，用于(yu)研(yan)究植物(wu)水分(fen)分(fen)布，適合干旱脅(xie)迫研(yan)究等
l 高光譜成像可以比較植物體(ti)內特(te)殊物質的(de)變化，例如(ru)(ru)葉(xie)(xie)黃素、葉(xie)(xie)綠(lv)素等色素的(de)反射峰值、葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)組(zu)織(zhi)構造如(ru)(ru)海綿組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)反射率(lv)、葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)的(de)含水(shui)量、葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)生化組(zu)分、主(zhu)要植被(bei)指數（NDVI、RVI、GVI 等）
l 3D 激光成像(xiang)可獲(huo)取植(zhi)(zhi)物 3D 點云(yun)數據，用于對(dui)植(zhi)(zhi)物體的三維重構，以更精(jing)確地研究植(zhi)(zhi)物株型變化
l 自發熒光成像模(mo)塊(kuai)可測(ce)量植物(wu)自發熒光，用于(yu)衰老實驗(yan)的測(ce)量
l 根系(xi)可見(jian)光成(cheng)像(xiang)可研究根系(xi)的不同參數(shu)
代表文獻
l Lobiuc, A.; Vasilache, V.; Oroian, M.; Stoleru, T.; Burducea, M.; Pintilie, O.; Zamfirache, M.-M. (2017) Blue and Red LED Illumination Improves Growth and Bioactive Compounds Contents in Acyanic and Cyanic Ocimum basilicum L. Microgreens. Molecules
l Brugière, Norbert; Zhang, Wenjing; Xu, Qingzhang; Scolaro, Eric J.; Lu, Cheng; Kahsay, Robel Y.; Kise, Rie; Trecker, Libby; Williams, Robert W.; Hakimi, Salim; Niu, Xiping; Lafitte, Renee; Habben, Jeffrey E. (2017) Overexpression of RING Domain E3 Ligase ZmXerico1 Confers Drought Tolerance through Regulation of ABA Homeostasis. Plant Physiology
l D. Marko; N. Briglia; S. Summerer; A. Petrozza; F. Cellini; R. Iannacone (2017) High-Throughput Phenotyping in Plant Stress Response: Methods and Potential Applications to Polyamine Field. Polyamines
l Velumani, K.; Oude Elberink, S.; Yang, M. Y.; BARET, F. (2017) Wheat Ear Detection in Plots by Segmenting Mobile Laser Scanner Data. ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.
l Maria I. Stavropoulou, Apostolis Angelis, Nektarios Aligiannis, Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis, Sofia Mitakou, Stephen O. Duke, Nikolas Fokialakis (2017) Phytotoxic triterpene saponins from Bellis longifolia, an endemic plant of Crete. Phytochemistry
l Srinivasan Vijayarangan, Paloma Sodhi, Prathamesh Kini, James Bourne, Simon Du, Hanqi Sun, Barnabas Poczos, Dimitrios Apostolopoulos, and David Wettergreen (2017) High-throughput Robotic Phenotyping of Energy Sorghum Crops. Field and Service Robotics.
l Coneva, Viktoriya; Frank, Margaret H.; Balaguer, Maria A. de Luis; Li, Mao; Sozzani, Rosangela; Chitwood, Daniel H. (2017) Genetic Architecture and Molecular Networks Underlying Leaf Thickness in Desert-Adapted Tomato Solanum pennellii. Plant Physiology
