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波特噴霧塔
日期:2017-05-09 15:33:08

 它主要是利用Potter噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)塔結構,通過(guo)(guo)外接空氣壓縮機產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)氣流(liu)經過(guo)(guo)噴(pen)頭(tou)(tou),形成壓力差吸引藥(yao)液管(guan)中(zhong)藥(yao)液進入噴(pen)頭(tou)(tou)霧(wu)(wu)化,霧(wu)(wu)化液滴細小均(jun)勻(yun)展布于(yu)試(shi)(shi)蟲(chong)(chong)體表。因為(wei)Potter噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)塔具(ju)有(you)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)結果(guo)誤差小的(de)優點(dian)(華南農業大(da)學,1983),所以(yi)許多研(yan)究(jiu)以(yi)Potter噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)方(fang)法(fa)進行農藥(yao)對昆蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)觸殺試(shi)(shi)驗(yan),其中(zhong)包括二斑葉螨(James and Price,2002)、瓢蟲(chong)(chong)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(Michaud,2001)、寄生(sheng)(sheng)蜂(Brunner,et al,2001)等。但是,對于(yu)Potter噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)塔噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)量(liang)確定(ding),一直是憑借(jie)經驗(yan),缺(que)少理論依據。這勢必(bi)影(ying)響到技(ji)術推廣和研(yan)究(jiu)成果(guo)間的(de)交流(liu)。本文試(shi)(shi)圖(tu)以(yi)小菜蛾(e)為(wei)試(shi)(shi)蟲(chong)(chong),2.5%溴(xiu)氰菊(ju)酯(zhi)乳油為(wei)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)藥(yao)劑(ji),進行毒力生(sheng)(sheng)物測定(ding),探索噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)量(liang)對昆蟲(chong)(chong)毒力測定(ding)的(de)影(ying)響,尋找合(he)適(shi)的(de)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)量(liang)。

試驗材料與方法

2.1 試驗器材(cai) Potter噴霧塔:如(ru)圖1所示(shi),由英國Burkard Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,生產。其中,筒(tong)身長(chang)68.5cm,筒(tong)上口(kou)直徑15.5cm,下口(kou)直徑11.5cm。最大(da)承(cheng)受壓(ya)力(li)為(wei)206.8kPa*,藥液管(guan)最大(da)容量為(wei)7mL。
2.2 試驗藥劑(ji) 2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油(江蘇(su)省武進市(shi)第三農藥廠提供)。
2.3 試蟲(chong) 小菜蛾(e)(Plutella xylostella L.),農業部農藥檢(jian)定所生物技術中心室內(nei)飼(si)養,敏感種群(qun),飼(si)養溫度(26±1℃),光照條件(jian)L∶D=14∶10。實驗時選用(yong)大(da)小一致的2齡(ling)幼蟲(chong)。
2.4 試驗方(fang)法 將2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油配制成有(you)效成分(fen)分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50和100mg/L的(de)藥(yao)(yao)液(ye),以清水(shui)為(wei)對(dui)照。量(liang)取配制的(de)藥(yao)(yao)液(ye)分(fen)別(bie)以0.5、1、2、3、4和5mL/次噴霧量(liang)進行(xing)小菜(cai)蛾幼蟲的(de)噴霧處理。噴霧壓力為(wei)68.9kPa*。24h后調(diao)查死蟲數,計算蟲口死亡率,采用POLO軟件計算LC50。


討論

    作為一種(zhong)精確的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設備,Potter噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)很廣(guang),涉及殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(Brunner,et al., 2001)、殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(Michaud,2001)和(he)表(biao)面活性(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(Goodwin and McBrydie, 2000)等。但是,噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)是依(yi)靠經驗或實驗室(shi)傳統做法,缺少數據上的(de)(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)明(ming)。從以往(wang)(wang)發(fa)表(biao)論(lun)文中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)從1mL到(dao)(dao)5mL不等。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),Michaud(2001)在8種(zhong)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)對2種(zhong)瓢蟲(chong)天(tian)敵(di)(di)影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Potter噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為1mL/次(ci);Stansly和(he)Liu(1997)研究寄生性(xing)(xing)天(tian)敵(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥選擇性(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Potter塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為2mL/次(ci);Brunner等(2001)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4mL/次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)Potter塔(ta)(ta)(ta)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)處(chu)理(li)膜翅目(mu)寄生天(tian)敵(di)(di),觀察其(qi)觸殺(sha)毒性(xing)(xing)。張澤溥(1993)則推薦使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5mL的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。正(zheng)如我(wo)們在文中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de),從0.5~5mL的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)導致測(ce)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)LC50值(zhi)存在著明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong),這(zhe)種(zhong)差(cha)異必將影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)技術推廣(guang)和(he)學術交流。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Potter噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法,除了落在筒(tong)壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥滴(di)外,一般只有15%~20%的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥量(liang)(liang)(liang)沉(chen)降到(dao)(dao)培養皿(min)表(biao)面(Potter, 1952)。在本試驗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),當(dang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為0.5mL時(shi),沉(chen)降到(dao)(dao)培養皿(min)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沾(zhan)布到(dao)(dao)昆蟲(chong)體表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)(liang)過(guo)少,難以表(biao)現出很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)觸殺(sha)效果(guo);當(dang)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達到(dao)(dao)或超過(guo)4mL,過(guo)多地噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)使霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)滴(di)累積(ji)成流,試蟲(chong)浸漬(zi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)(dao)測(ce)定(ding)結果(guo)。試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)證(zheng)明(ming)1~3mL的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍(wei)內(nei)LC50值(zhi)比(bi)較穩(wen)定(ding),而且LC50值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)動趨勢平(ping)穩(wen)。綜(zong)上結果(guo),在對小菜蛾幼蟲(chong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)理(li)時(shi),我(wo)們推薦使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1~3mL的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

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