主要功能
單(dan)獨或同步測(ce)量葉綠素熒光和 P700
兩個光(guang)系統的誘導動(dong)力學曲線(xian)（包(bao)括快(kuai)相和慢相）
兩個光系統的快(kuai)速光曲線和光響應曲線
淬(cui)滅分析(xi)、暗馳豫分析(xi)
典(dian)型的(de) P700 曲(qu)線測量(liang)
通(tong)過葉(xie)綠素熒光和 P700 的(de)同步測量獲知兩個光系統的(de)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)傳遞動(dong)力(li)學、電(dian)子(zi)(zi)載體庫的(de)大小(xiao)、圍繞 PSI 的(de)環式(shi)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)傳遞動(dong)力(li)學等
通過測量 P515/535 信(xin)號(hao)變化測量跨膜質子(zi)動力勢 pmf 及其組分跨膜質子(zi)梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜電位 Δψ
“P515 Flux”信號能(neng)原位反映活(huo)體樣品處于穩(wen)態(tai)的偶聯電子和質(zhi)子的流動速(su)率
通過測量 NADPH 熒光估算 NADP 的還原程度
通過測量(liang) 9-AA 熒光來估算(suan)跨(kua)膜(mo)質子梯度(du) ΔpH
測量參數
PS II參數： Fo, Fm, F, Fm’, Fv/Fm, Y(II) 即(ji) △F/Fm’, Fo’, qP, qL, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO) 和 ETR(II) 等(deng)
PS I參(can)數： P700, Pm, Pm’, P700ox, Y(I), Y(ND), Y(NA) 和 ETR(I) 等
P515/535參數(shu)：質(zhi)子(zi)動力勢pmf，跨膜(mo)質(zhi)子(zi)梯度(du) ΔpH，跨膜(mo)電位(wei) Δψ 等
NADPH/9-AA參數：NADP 的還原程度，ΔpH 等
其他測量參(can)數：Post-Illumination（鼓包），PQ-Pool（PQ庫(ku)）等(deng)
應用領域
相當于(yu)兩臺 PAM-101/ 102/ 103 的功能，可(ke)同時測量光(guang)系(xi)統II活(huo)(huo)性（調(diao)制葉綠素熒(ying)光(guang)）和光(guang)系(xi)統I活(huo)(huo)性（P700 吸收變化），可(ke)用于(yu)、植物(wu)生理學(xue)、農學(xue)、林學(xue)、園藝學(xue)等領域光(guang)合作用機理研究。
擴展模(mo)塊 P515/535 可測量跨膜(mo)質子動力勢 pmf 及其組分跨膜(mo)質子梯度 ΔpH 和跨膜(mo)電(dian)位 Δψ 等(deng)，是葉(xie)綠(lv)素循(xun)環和光(guang)保(bao)護研究的強大(da)工具。
擴展模(mo)塊NADPH/9-AA，可測量 NADPH 熒(ying)光和(he) 9-AA 熒(ying)光，估算 NADP 的還原程度和(he)跨膜(mo)質子梯度 ΔpH。
主要技術參數
主機(ji)：通用型（DUAL-C），可接標準檢測(ce)器，可擴展(zhan) P515/535，NADPH/9AA 等多種模塊。
P700 雙波長測量光(guang)：LED，830 nm 和(he) 875 nm
PSII 熒光測量光：LED，460 nm（DUAL-DB）或 620 nm（DUAL-DR）
紅色光化光：LED 陣列，635 nm；最大連續光強 3000 μmol m-2 s-1
藍色光化光：LED，460 nm；最大連續光強 1100 μmol m-2 s-1
單周轉飽和閃光（ST）：200000 μmol m-2 s-1，5～50 μs 可調(diao)
多周轉飽和閃光（MT）：20000 μmol m-2 s-1，1～1000 ms 可(ke)調
遠紅光：720nm
選購指南
一、高等植物葉片測量基本款
系(xi)統組(zu)成：通用型(xing)主(zhu)機，標準版檢測單元，數據線，工作臺，軟件等(deng)
注意：高等植物葉片(pian)測量(liang)紅光檢(jian)(jian)測器（Dual-DR）和藍光檢(jian)(jian)測器（Dual-DB）可(ke)任選其(qi)一(yi)
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| 高等植物葉片測量基本款 |
二、懸浮樣品測量基本款
系統組成：通(tong)用型主機，標準版檢(jian)測單元，懸浮液的光學單元，數據線，工作臺(tai)，軟件等(deng)
注意(yi)：藻類(lei)測(ce)量時，藍(lan)藻請選(xuan)擇紅光檢(jian)測(ce)器（Dual-DR），其他藻類(lei)可選(xuan)藍(lan)光檢(jian)測(ce)器（Dual-DB）
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| 懸浮樣品測量基本款 | |
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| 同步測量 PSII（紅色）和 PSI（藍色）的誘導曲線 | 同步測量 PSII（紅色）和 PSI（藍(lan)色(se)）的光響應曲線 | 典型的 P700 測量(liang)曲(qu)線 |
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| 打開飽和脈沖時葉綠素熒光信號（紅色）和 P700（藍色）信號變化 | 以線(xian)性(xing)時間測量的熒光快速動(dong)力學曲線(xian) | 以對數時間測量的熒光(guang)快速動(dong)力(li)學曲線 |
三、其他擴展模塊
擴展測量一：P515/535模塊
 | P515/535 模塊是 WALZ 公司為 DUAL-PAM-100 設計的測量模塊，可以直接連接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主機，測量 550-510 nm 的差式吸收以及 535 nm 波長的信號變化。P515/535 模塊可以測量光合器官的跨膜質子動力勢（pmf）、跨膜電位（Δψ）、跨膜質子梯度（ΔpH）和玉米黃素（Zea）變化等內容。此外，該模塊還提供一種特殊的 “P515 Flux” 操作模式，可讓光化光以光-暗脈沖形式打開-關閉（1/1調制光/暗），原位測量活體樣品處于穩態的偶聯電子和質子的流動速率。 | ||
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| 通過測量 P515 變化得出質子動力勢（pmf）兩個組分 Δψ 和 ΔpH | 通過測量535 nm變化得出質子動力勢（pmf）及其組分ΔpH | 同步測量P515和535 nm信號的光響應曲線 | |
擴展測量二：NADPH/9-AA 模塊
NADPH/9-AA 模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)是(shi) WALZ 公司為(wei) DUAL-PAM-100 設計的測(ce)(ce)量模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，可(ke)以直接連(lian)接 DUAL-PAM-100 的主機，測(ce)(ce)量 NADPH 熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)和 9-AA 熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)。NADPH 熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)可(ke)用(yong)于估算 NADP 的還原(yuan)程度(du)，9-AA 熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)用(yong)于估算跨膜質子梯度(du) ΔpH。該模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)的一(yi)(yi)個很大特色是(shi)與標(biao)準(zhun)探頭聯用(yong)，在(zai)國際上第(di)一(yi)(yi)次做到了同步測(ce)(ce)量葉綠素熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)與 NADPH 熒(ying)(ying)(ying)光(guang)。
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| NADPH 探頭圖示 | 同步測量 NADPH 熒光（藍色）與葉綠素熒光（紅色） |
擴展測量三：與光合儀 GFS-3000 聯用
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專為 DUAL-PAM-100 與(yu) GFS-3000 的同步(bu)(bu)測量(liang)(liang)設計，由(you)特制葉室（帶溫度和(he)PAR傳感(gan)器(qi)）、風(feng)扇、導光(guang)(guang)桿(gan)、電子盒與(yu)支(zhi)架構(gou)成。同步(bu)(bu)測量(liang)(liang)時，光(guang)(guang)源完(wan)全由(you) DUAL-PAM-100 的測量(liang)(liang)頭(tou)提供，氣(qi)體交換由(you) GFS-3000 的紅(hong)外分析器(qi)檢測，P700 和(he)葉綠素熒光(guang)(guang)由(you) DUAL-PAM-100 的檢測器(qi)測量(liang)(liang)。 |
四、其他可選附件
1，Dual-DPD：單獨(du)的光(guang)電二(er)極管檢測器單元，通過導光(guang)桿(gan)連接到 ED?101US/MD 上，配(pei)置 NADPH 模塊時推薦(jian)選配(pei)。
2，Dual-DPM：單(dan)獨的光電(dian)倍(bei)增(zeng)管檢測(ce)器單(dan)元，用于較稀的懸浮液(ye)熒(ying)光測(ce)量，需要(yao)裝配到 ED-101US/MD 上使用。必須要(yao)同時配置測(ce)量頭 DUAL-DB 或(huo) DUAL-DR 來激發(fa)調制熒(ying)光。
3，ED-101US/T： 控溫(wen)裝置，安裝在(zai) ED-101US/MD 上，為懸(xuan)浮(fu)液控溫(wen)；可外接循環水浴(yu)來控溫(wen),
4，US-SQS/WB： 球(qiu)狀微型(xing)光量子(zi)探頭，可插入樣品杯中(zhong)測量 PAR；由主機(ji) DUAL-C 控制。
5，PHYTO-MS：磁力攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)器，連接到光(guang)學(xue)單元(yuan) ED-101US/MD 的底部對懸浮液(ye)進行攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)。
6，DUAL-OP：擬南芥等(deng)小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)片(pian)測量用適配(pei)器(qi)，特制(zhi)透(tou)光(guang)小(xiao)(xiao)孔適配(pei)器(qi)套裝，直徑 7 mm、5 mm 和(he) 3 mm，對于擬南芥等(deng)小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)片(pian)的(de) P700 測量非常重要(yao)！
產(chan)地：德(de)國(guo) WALZ
參考文獻
數(shu)據(ju)來源：光合作用文獻 Endnote 數(shu)據(ju)庫，更新至 2021 年(nian) 1月(yue)，文獻數(shu)量(liang)超過 10000 篇
原(yuan)始數(shu)據來(lai)源：Google Scholar
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